Pimples and acne is a disease that affects the skins oil glands. The small holes (pores) in your skin connect to oil glands under the skin. These glands make an oily substance called sebum. The pores connect to the glands by a canal called a follicle. Inside the follicles, oil carries dead skin cells to the surface of the skin .a hair also glows through the follicle & out of the skin .when the follicle of a skin gland clogs up, a pimple grows.
Most pimples are found on the face, neck, back, chest &shoulders. Acne is not a serious health threat, but it can cause scars.
How does acne develop?
Sometimes the hair sebum& skin cells clump together into a plug .the bacteria in the plug cause swelling. Then when the plug starts to break down, a pimple grows.
Types:
There are many types of pimples. The most common types are:
- Whiteheads: these are pimples that stay under the surface of the skin.
- Blackheads: these pimples rise to the surface of the skin and look black. the black color is not from dirt.
- Papules: These are small pink bumps that can be tender.
- Pustules: These pimples are red at the bottom & have pus in the top.
- Nodules: These are large, painful, solid pimples that are deep in the skin.
- Cysts: These deep, painful, pus-filled pimples can cause scars.
Who gets acne?
Acne is the most common skin disease. people of all races and ages get acne. But it is most common in teenagers and young adults. An estimated 80% of all people between the ages of 11& 30 have acne outbreaks at some point. some people in their forties & 50 s still get acne.
What causes acne?
The cause of acne is unknown .it usually the result of several factors combined;
- The hormone increase in teenage years
- Hormone changes during pregnancy
- Starting or stopping birth control pills
- Heredity
- Some types of medicine
- Greasy make up
What makes acne worse?
- If you scrub with an abrasive soap or pick at your skin or rub it too much, the walls of the pores may break & cause more pimples.
- Squeezing or popping blackheads & whiteheads usually causes more problems, including scars.
- Too much washing (more than 2 or 3 times a day) can make your skin dry & cause the oil glands to work harder.
- Foods like chocolate, sweets, coals& fried foods do not make acne worse. But if a certain food does seem to make acne worse. Try eliminating it for a few weeks & see if that helps.
- Some types of makeup may block pores, a water-based oil-free make up is best.
- Moisturizes containing oil may also make acne worse avoid oil-based moisturizers & cocoa butter Also, read: Best Hair Loss Treatment in Hyderabad
Treatment:
- Medication (benzoyl peroxide, erythromycin, retinoids, clindamycin)
- Chemical peels( glycolic acid & salicylic acid)
- Laser treatment(IPL, IR lasers, fractionated co2 laser)
- Photodynamic therapy(PDT)
- Photo pneumatic therapy(PPT)
- Tea tree oil & bare-belly extract
Laser treatment:
An in tensed pulsed light source .provide a non-coherent (1500-1200nm) source of intense light that can modify by filters to provide radiation with the specific wavelength of light. The use of intense pulsed light for the treatment of acne has been theoretically based on the production of singlet oxygen after photoactivation of porphyries synthesized & stored by p.acnes. In mild to moderate acne were treated by using wavelength between 430 and 1100nm at an energy density of 3.5 j/cm2 and a pulse width of 35 milliseconds. Reductions of acne were noted in non-inflammatory & inflammatory lesions, respectively, 1 month after the final treatment.
Low: Intensity light treatment and photodynamic therapy;
By: Dr.NAGARAJU.D {MBBS, MD, DVL,(PGI)Chandigarh.}
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